Car Fronts' Impact on Pedestrians

Lower extremities and pelvis sustain injuryare the most frequent cases. Leg injuries from the bumper are the most common injuries in nonfatal pedestrian accidents (38%).

Most severe injuries
- bonnet top: life-threatening head injuries (children & adult)
- bumper: serious knee joint injuries and leg fractures
- bonnet leading edge: upper legform (femur & hip fractures & injuries)
www.waset.org

Pedestrian protection features built into cars can be very effective in preventing serious and fatal injuries in impacts at moderate speeds. Most of the serious injury pedestrian impacts and many fatal crashes occur at impact speeds of up to about 40 km/h in fatal accidents with the fronts of cars. Because of the high forces that pedestrians can withstand, only a relatively small change is required from current car strengths, but larger crush depths between the car skin and underlying immovable parts are needed.

More information to the following you can find here
Improvements to the bumper
Improvements to the bonnet leading edge
Improvements to the bonnet top

Pedestrian Impact

The European Commission White Paper of 2001 set a target to reduce the overall number of fatal road accidents by 50% by the year 2010.

The directive says:
From 1 October 2005, all new types of vehicles must comply with two tests concerning protection against head injuries and leg injuries. These criteria were developed by the Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) and, as of 31 December 2012, all new vehicles will have to comply with them.

From 1 September 2010, four tests of increased severity will be required for all new types of vehicles - two tests concerning head injuries and two concerning leg injuries. The tests have been developed by the European Enhanced Safety Vehicle Committee (EEVC). From 1 September 2015, all new vehicles will have to comply with the tests.
www.euractiv.com